Nevertheless, in an effort to approach the crystal is extremely advanced manufacturing methods are essential. For the reason that dawn of the crystal, focusing on this obstacle, we are actually the sole firm on the planet that may be processed Within this crystal.
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We summarized the current growth standing with the significant-ability DUV laser both equally at the wavelength of FHG of your one-μm laser and at 193 nm. The current enhancement with the solid-state/fiber laser, together with the nonlinear optical crystals, prompts don't just the average power but will also the beam top quality (coherence) of your DUV lasers to an unprecedented stage.
For instance, The present concave OC could get replaced by a plane mirror which could mitigate the power density on the area of M1 and the diamond. Also, applying higher hurt threshold coatings for M1 and diamond would also Enhance the output electric power with none damages. Then, the NIR laser in the 2nd Stokes wavelength might be substantial enough, together with its excellent beam top quality, to create the final DUV laser at 193 nm that has a superior normal power.
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On the other side, the power scaling of the NIR laser is yet another part to boost the normal ability of the 193-nm DUV laser. Due to insufficient the high-electricity amplification Alternative on the NIR laser (by way of example at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes for example optical parameter oscillation (OPO) might be placed on develop a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from one μm to the specified wavelength and obtaining relative greater electric power [21]. A short while ago, a diamond Raman laser showed its means in achieving a higher energy in addition to a superior conversion efficiency on the 1st Stokes in the 1-μm laser [22,23], which implies the possibility to be applied during the 193-nm DUV laser era as a result of its large Raman obtain and enormous frequency shift.
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The heartbeat period of the second Stokes gentle was shortened to five ns as proven in Determine 7a, a single-shot photo from the oscilloscope, that's a standard phenomenon in Raman laser [44] when the pulse length of your pump laser was 10 ns.
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The beam profile proven in Determine 7b demonstrated a great beam high-quality as among the list of merits of Raman laser, which might be useful to deliver a 193-nm DUV CLBO Crystal laser with a top quality beam.
Its UV absorption edge reaches a hundred and eighty nm. The efficient nonlinear optical coefficient of CLBO for frequency doubling at 1064nm is about two times as significant as that of KDP. CLBO crystals may be grown with the stoichiometric soften with reduce viscosity.
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